MARKET TIMING E CRIAÇÃO DE VALOR PARA OS ACIONISTAS SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA RETENÇÃO DE CAIXA

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4270/ruc.2022108

Palavras-chave:

Market Timing, Retenção de Caixa, Criação de Valor

Resumo

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar a relação entre a retenção de caixa e a criação de valor para os acionistas das empresas que utilizam o IPO como momento oportuno para o comportamento de market timing no mercado acionário brasileiro. A amostra do estudo consiste em 102 empresas não financeiras listadas na B3 que realizaram IPO entre 2004 e 2017, segregadas em dois grupos, timers e non-timers de mercado. No total, 202 IPOs ocorreram no decorrer do período delimitado, ademais, o comportamento do caixa foi analisado durante os oito trimestres subsequentes aos IPOs, resultando em 816 observações. Para atingir o objetivo, são propostos dois modelos econométricos, um para cada hipótese formulada, e o método de análise de dados utilizado é regressão em painel dinâmico com estimadores GMM-System de um estágio. Os dados financeiros, necessários para os cálculos das variáveis que compõem os modelos econométricos, foram coletados por meio da base Refinitiv Eikon®. As evidências da estimação do Modelo I confirmam a primeira hipótese, isto é, timers de mercado retêm mais caixa que non-timers. Por sua vez, os achados da estimação do Modelo II são inconclusivos, dado que a variável explanatória apresenta insignificância estatística, motivo pelo qual não é possível determinar a existência de uma relação entre retenção de caixa e criação de valor para os acionistas. Todavia, apesar de reter, em média, mais caixa que os non-timers, conforme evidenciado pelo Modelo I, as empresas que utilizam o IPO como momento oportuno para o comportamento de market timing no mercado acionário brasileiro apresentam menor valor criado para os acionistas, conforme demonstrado pelo Modelo II, haja vista que o MVA dos timers de mercado cresce 247 milhões (R$) de um período para o outro, enquanto que o crescimento médio das empresas non-timers é de 534 milhões (R$) de um período para o outro, uma diferença de 287 milhões (R$). É possível que tal resultado derive do alto custo de oportunidade do caixa ocioso, pois, como o market timing trata-se de uma prática oportunista, os gestores, em geral, não têm destinação imediata para o recurso constituído.

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2023-07-07

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